Distributor for products for forest insect pests in canada and us except colorado. Busseola fusca fuller, the african maize stalk borer. Insecticides could greatly increase african maize yields. Over 98 percent of maize farmers in africa are smallholders, growing maize on less than 2 ha of land and typically saving seed to plant. Bjsseola of water contact as a factor terminating larval diapause in a stem borer, busseola fusca. P t nearinfrared spectroscopic method to identify cotesia. Predicting the impact of temperature change on the future. The abundance and parasitism rates of preimaginal instars of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller, were studied for the first time in the ivory coast.
Indigenous to africa migrated from wild hosts to crops. Busseola fusca, the african maize stalk borer is also commonly known as the maize stem borer and sorghum stalk stem borer. Sesamia calamistis, the african pink stem borer, is also known as the african pink borer of. Measuring the economic value of redistributing parasitoids. Ebook almanaque do fusca as pdf download portable document format.
The stemborers chilo partellus and busseola fusca are major pests of subsistence cereal farming in africa. Noctuidae is an important pest of maize in africa and can be effectively controlled by bt maize. When the larvae are fully grown, they pupate and remain inside the maize stem. Karonga chitipa kameme mixture of busseola fusca and faw purposive sampling karonga chitipa lufita 6 70 60. In the eastern and southern parts of the continent, b. Noctuidae is an important pest of maize and sorghum in subsaharan africa. Factors inducing and terminating larval dia pause in a stem.
Single malefemale pairs were confined to oviposition chambers kept at 15, 20, 26 and 30 1c and a 14l. Moth populations of busseola fusca were monitored with synthetic sex pheromone traps, while larval populations of the two stem borer species were monitored by scouting maize and grain sorghum fields. Busseola fusca lays its eggs between the stem and leafsheath, whereas chilo partellus lays its eggs on the leaf surface in the form of egg batches figures 5 and 6. Screening and breeding for resistance to busseola fusca. Icipe has found that intercropping maize with the fodder legumesdesmodium uncinatum silver leaf and d. Pdf plant abandonment by busseola fusca lepidoptera.
Fusarium ear rot and fumonisins in maize kernels when. Busseola fusca is a species of moth that is also known as the maize stalk borer. Pdf busseola fusca african stem borer researchgate. Almanaque do fusca top results of your surfing almanaque do fusca start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Busseola fusca, chilo partellus, grass, refuge, stem borer. The maize stalk borer busseola fusca is a major pest of maize and sorghum. Transcriptome and differentially expressed genes of busseola. Busseola fusca females oviposit a highly variable number from 100 up to 800 of round and flattened eggs in batches 18,23,24.
Despite the huge amount of information about its management, this pest still represents a major constraint to maize production in areas where it is abundant. Factors inducing and terminating larval dia pause in a. Ecology of the african maize stalk borer, busseola fusca ncbi. The effect of different maize genotypes on the maize stalkborer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. The landscape is dominated by smallscale annual crops in the east and is characterized by more complex mosaics of crop and noncrop patches in the west. Screening maize and sorghum genotypes for resistance to b. Subjects dealt with include pest status and crop loss assessment, taxonomic descriptons, pest biology and ecology. Damage caused by stemborers is one of the main causes of low yields 1. The largest group 12 species of injurious stem borers are. Prerelease evaluation 19941996 of the inherent susceptibility and postrelease assessments 19982011 of resistance status of b. Among the noctuids, busseola fusca and six sesamia spp. Busseola fusca is distributed widely throughout subsaharan africa. Busseola fusca pdf busseola fusca exhibits oligophagous feeding behavior on host plants belonging to the family poaceae. After the larvae bore into the maize stems, they feed and grow within the stems for 23 weeks.
Stem borers were monitored at cedara kwazulunatal province, delmas mpumalanga province and brits northwest province, south africa. Busseola fusca is resistant to cry1ab bt maize at many localities throughout the maize production region. Agriculture production and food and nutrition security in malawi. Brochure area covered by traps a group of 3 permanent maretrapsfunnel traps is sufficient to give an accurate idea of moth flights for a farm falling within an area not larger than ha which has no large ecological differences from. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Much screening has therefore been against field infestations, often against complexes of different borer species. Factors inducing and terminating larval dia pause in a stem borer, busseola fusca in western kenya takashi okuda international centre of. Biological control of cereal stemborers busseola fusca and. The maize stalk borer, busseola fusca, is an important lepidopteran pest of cereal. Nderitub ainternational maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt,nairobi kenya.
Differential expression of immune genes in response to toxin challenge. Measuring the economic value of redistributing parasitoids for the control of the maize stemborer busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. First whole transcriptome analysis of busseola fusca busseola fusca defence against cry1ab toxin. Similarly, in west africa the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Biological control of cereal stemborers busseola fusca and chilo partellus in south africa page content the stem borers, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. This article is an attempt to summarize the status of knowledge about economically important cereal stem borers in africa with emphasis on their distribution, pest. Pdf the effect of temperature on the development and. The effect of temperature on the reproduction and development of busseola fusca was studied under laboratory conditions. Landscape composition overrides field level management.
Pdf flight and oviposition behaviour of the african stem borer. Poisonous when absorbed through the skin or swallowed or inhaled. However, the sustainability of this technology is threatened by resistance evolution, which necessitates the implementation of the highdoserefuge insect resistance management irm strategy. The maize stalk borer, busseola fusca, is an important lepidopteran pest of cereal crops in central, east, and southern africa. Pdf the african stem borer, busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. In the value of phenology in increasing the productivity of crops. However, the sustainability of this technology is threatened. Lepidopteran stem borers are among the most important pests of maize in east africa. Request pdf genetic structure and origin of busseola fusca populations in cameroon the cereal stem borer busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Monitoring resistance to bt maize in field populations of busseola.
Sesamia calamistis, the african pink stem borer, is also known as the african pink borer of sugarcane, mauritius pink. The largest group 12 species of injurious stem borers are crambids, with the ma. Africa for the control of busseola fusca since 1998. The effect of resistant sorghum hybrids in suppression of busseola fusca fuller and chilo partellus swinhoe populations. Control of the sorghum stem borer, busseola fusca, by partial burning of the stalks. Life cycle 3 weeks shorter than busseola only 34 weeks. Changes in abundance gi, damage potential and activity ai, potential population growth of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca, in maize production systems worldwide according to model predictions, using the gi a, b and the ai d, e for the years 2000 and 2050, and the absolute index change c, f. Draft genome of busseola fusca, the maize stalk borer, a major. While transgenic maize has provided some transitory benefits to commercial maize farmers, the context for the vast majority of african maize farmers is quite different. Populations in eastern and southern africa appear to be adapted to different environments from those in west africa. Noctuidae stem borer busseola fusca fuller lepidoptera. Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize.
Curriculum vitae university of nairobi personal websites. Volatiles released by two cultivated hosts, sorghum and maize sorghum bicolor and zea mays, and two wild grass hosts, pennisetum purpureum and hyparrhenia tamba, were collected by air entrainment. Pdf busseola fusca background information, introduction, known distribution, description and biology, host crops and other plants. A revision of the african species of sesamia guenee and related genera agrotidaelepidoptera. Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize inbred lines resistant to chilo partellus and busseola fusca stem borers h.
Ecology of the african maize stalk borer, busseola fusca. Noctuidae has been considered for long the most destructive lepidopteran pest of maize and sorghum in africa 1214. Chilo partellus busseola fusca introduced into africa 1932. Further investigated the genetic substructuring of b. Background information, introduction, known distribution, description and biology, host crops and other plants, potential distribution.
Identification of potential bt resistance genes signal transduction and immune system pathways identified for busseola fusca. The efficacy of carbofuran 100 gr may be adversely affected, when used in alkaline, brackish, or soils of high ph above ph 7. The objective of the present study was to predict the impact of temperature change on the distribution and abundance of the crambid chilo partellus, the noctuid busseola fusca, and their larval parasitoids cotesia flavipes and cotesia sesamiae at local scale along kilimanjaro and taita hills gradients in. Chilo partellus is commonly known as the spotted stem borer. Changes in abundance gi, damage potential and activity ai, potential population growth of the maize stalk borer, busseola fusca, in maize production systems worldwide according to model predictions, using the gi a, b and the ai d, e for the years. Box 30, mbita, kenya abstract identification of factors regulating diapause induction and termination was attempted with. Journal of the entomological society of southern africa, 481. Noctuidae is a species endemic to subsaharan africa. The batches are laid behind the vertical edges of leaf sheaths of pretasseling plants and also, but rarely, underneath the outer husk leaves of ears. Noctuidae, is an important pest of maize and sorghum in subsaharan. Agriculture production and food and nutrition security in. Evaluation of four cropping systems in the control of maize stem borers and the effects on maize growth and grain yield. Genetic structure and origin of busseola fusca populations in. Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize inbred.
Dominant inheritance of fieldevolved resistance to bt corn. Noctuidae in kenya, african journal of agricultural and resource economics, african association of agricultural economists, vol. Insecticides could greatly increase african maize yields international pesticide benefits case study no. Distribution maps top of page you can pan and zoom the map. Pdf genetic structure and origin of busseola fusca populations in. Draft genome of busseola fusca, the maize stalk borer, a. Pyralidae, are the most important pests of maize and grain sorghum in south africa. Physiology,biochemistry,andtoxicology nearinfrared spectroscopic method to identify cotesia. Monitoring resistance to bt maize in field populations of. While the focus is on the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca. Busseola fusca, chilo partellus, sesamia calamistis.