Pdf experiment on the physics of the pn junction researchgate. From the above, it follows that zero power dissipation occurs in an ideal diode. Pn junction diode is the most fundamental and the simplest electronics device. Pdf simple apparatus, suitable for an undergraduate laboratory. Conclusion this experiment focuses on the investigation of.
Diodes exclusively block current in the reverse direction whereas the reverse voltage is within a restricted vary and if not reverse barrier breaks and conjointly the voltage at that this breakdown happens is termed. Definition ptype semiconductor is suitably joined to ntype semiconductor,to conduct surface is called pn junction. The biased pn junction an externally applied potential will alter the potential difference between the pand nregions. Jan, 2015 pn junction diode characteristics lab expriment 1. To find cutin voltage for silicon pn junction diode. You just need to take a battery whose values can be varied from o to v volts, connect its positive terminal to the pside of pn junction diode and then connect the negative terminal of battery to the nside of the pn junction diode. Ppt pn junction diode powerpoint presentation free to. To plot voltampere characteristics of silicon pn junction diode.
This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Introduction to semiconductors and the pn junction diode robert clancy 04329741 april 10, 2006 abstract in this experiment the iv characteristicof the pn junction diode is determined andthe applicationofthe diodeasarecti. This potential difference can alter the flow of majority carriers, so that the pn junction can be used as an opportunity for the diffusion of electrons and holes. We were supposed to study the material characteristics of a pn junction diode, like i reverse saturation current, is and material constant, n ii energy band gap, eg iii depletion layer capacitance, cd. Diode circuits tutorial pdf 25p this note covers the following topics. The pn junction supports unidirectional current flow. The semiconductor diode is formed by doping ptype impurity in one side and ntype of impurity in another side of the semiconductor crystal forming a pn junction as shown in the following figure. Observation of characteristics of a zener diode debangshu mukherjee bs. The objective of this experiment is to measure the iv curve for pn junction diode and to understand the characteristics of pn junction. Shockley model from sze, 1981 vv at 1 j j e tot s n n p p p n s l d n q l d p j 0 0 j j x j x. If an external potential is applied to the terminals of pn junction, it will alter the potential between the p and nregions. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.
A zener diode is heavily doped pn junction diode, specially made to operate in the break down region. While doing the experiment do not exceed the ratings of the diode. They are also called pn diodes in analogy with vacuum diodes. This was conducted as an introductory to electronics laboratory and in line with some topics in lecture classes. Dont feel bad if you havent studied pn junctions before. Energy band gap kit containing a pn junction diode placed. A pn junction is said to be forward biased when pregion is connected to positive terminal and nregion to the negative terminal of battery.
Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. However, unlike a resistor, a diode does not behave linearly with respect to the applied voltage as the diode has an exponential currentvoltage iv relationship. Coed school kolar road bhoapl department of physics project report investigatoryproject on pn junction and diodes project report submitted by govind patel submitted to mrs ratna hajela. Such junctions show a pronounced rectifying behavior. Pnjunction material characterisitcs experiment lab. To study the factor affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid. Pdf electrical characterization of a pn junction diode. The pn junction diode is a twoterminal device, which is formed when one side of the pn junction diode is made with ptype and doped with the ntype material. The objective of this lab is to familiarize the student with basic properties of junction diodes as well as to provide. Experiment 6 transistors as amplifiers and switches our final topic of the term is an introduction to the transistor as a discrete circuit element. In general, the cathode of a diode is marked by a solid line on the diode.
A pn junction diode is one of the simplest semiconductor devices around, and which has the characteristic of passing current in only one direction only. The pn junction is the fundamental building block of the electronic age. It is the most essential and the basic building block of the electronic device. A pn junction diode normally does not conduct when reverse biased. Conclusion this experiment focuses on the investigation of the basic characteristics of a diode. In forward bias condition, current is constant until certain voltage is reached. A pn junction is an interface or a boundary between two semiconductor material types, namely the ptype and the ntype, inside a semiconductor. Introduction to semiconductors and the pn junction diode. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 20 3. Zero bias no external voltage potential is applied to the pn junction diode.
Zener diode, resistors, power supply, multi meter circuit diagram. Electrons and holes diffuse from areas of high concentration toward areas of low concentration. Sep 10, 2016 pn junction and zener diode 12 class project. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in. We have also learned about diffusion current, depletion region, drift current and barrier potential.
Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Pdf experiment on the physics of pn junction giacomo. If the junction is forward biased by applying a positive voltage v. A pn junction with open terminals excluding minority carriers f. The baseemitter junction is biased in the forward direction so only the intrinsic voltage drop across a pn junction appears. Characteristics of pn junction diodestatic and dynamic resistance measurement from graph. Vi characteristics of pn junction diode in 3biasing modes. This in turn will modify the flow of majority carriers, so that the junction can be used as a gate. A diode is also a tool that exclusively permits unidirectional flow of current if the diode is operated at a particular voltage level. By exploring the electrical properties of silicon, it is possible to acquire an understanding of the inner workings of the pn junction. It is the reverse biased havily doped silicon or germanium pn junction diode which is operated in the breakdown region where current is limited by both external resistance and power dissipation of the diode.
However, there are many different packages for diodes and others are marked differently. Pn junction diode and diode characteristics electronicstutorials. I recently performed this experiment in the solid states lab during the ii semester for m. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The pn junction is a versatile element, which can be used as a. The contact surface between the layers of ptype and ntype semiconductor pieces plated together so as to form a pn junction is called the pn junction. Pn junction diode and its characteristics in chapter 1 understanding the pn junction, we have seen how a pn junction is formed from a ptype and ntype semiconductor. Peak inverse voltage peak inverse voltage piv across the diode.
A pn junction is the metallurgical boundary between the n and pregions of a semiconductor crystal. The pn junction forms the basis of the semiconductor diode. The pn junction is the root for semiconductor diodes. Pnjunction material characterisitcs experiment lab manual. Ptype substrates, while less common, occur as well. Request pdf on jan 1, 2009, dragica vasileska and others published pn junction lab find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The boltzmann approximation is to say that the resulting current being small compared with the components of this current, we consider that we are still in quasi equilibrium and therefore that the currents equation is still valid by replacing v bi by v. Ideal diode iv curve and symbol in the above graph, the threshold voltage i. A pn junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, ptype and ntype, inside a single crystal of semiconductor. Thus, electrons diffuse from the nregion to the pregion. Do not repeat the wording in the lab manual procedures. If you find these terms foreign, just read the chapter about.
To draw the iv characteristic curve of the given zener diode in reverse bias. Other lab tas may stamp and sign your lab data sheets but cannot guarantee the correctness of your data, and you will then bear full responsibility and penalty for collecting incorrect data. Figure 1 at the junction initially free charge carriers. The pn junction and the diode effect, current in the diode, the pn diode as a circuit element, circuit applications of ordinary diodes, power supplies, power supply filtering, split power supply, diode gate, diode protection. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. To determine the energy band gap of a semiconductor by using pn junction diode. Objective the objective of this experiment is to measure the iv curve for pn junction diode and to understand the characteristics of pn junction. Working of pn junction diode with biasing, characteristics. The two diodes to the far left are different from the others in that the semiconductor they. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse bias components equipments required. Class12 section contents certificate acknowledgement introduction applications summary bibliography certificate this is to certify that this project has been made by of class xii on zener diode under the guidance of our physics teacher ms and has been completed successfully. Why is silicon preferred over germanium in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. Semiconductor pn junction diodes physically, diodes are formed by the interface between two regions of oppositely doped semiconductor i.
Experiment 6 transistors as amplifiers and switches. The boltzmann approximation is to say that the resulting current being small compared with the components of. Physics practical class 12 all study guide at one place. This potential difference can alter the flow of majority carriers, so that the pn junction can be used as an opportunity for the diffusion of. If a suitable positive voltage forward bias is applied between the two ends of the pn junction, it can supply free electrons and holes with the extra energy they. In a forward biased pn junction, the voltage at which there is a sudden. To plot characteristics between reverse saturation current and 10 3t and find out the approximate value of energy band gap in pn junction diode apparatus. When one side of an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with acceptor i. In the above circuit, an alternating voltage is applied across a junction diode connected to a load in a series connection. Full practical pn junction diode with readings, download pdf. Junction diodes questions and answers electronics post. Pn junction underbiasing 14 boltzmanns approximation. Pn junctions consist of two semiconductor regions of opposite type.
To draw iv characteristics curve of a pn junction diode in. Najmabadi, ece65, winter 2012 high concentration of h on the p side holes diffuse towards the junction high concentration of e on the n side electrons diffuse towards the junction n side is positively charged because it has lost electrons. Common diode packages and markings diodes often have their cathode end marked with a band. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 8 half wave rectifier with smoothing capacitor figure 3. Energy band gap apparatus containing micrometer, voltmeter, temperature controlled electric oven to heat up the diode, pn junction.
Experiment 1 vi characteristics of diode 1 vi characteristics of diode aim. The lead connected to the ptype material is called the anode and the lead connected to the ntype material is the cathode. If less common germanium is used instead of silicon, the voltage drop is 0. Within the precision of our experiment, the results obtained are in good agreement with the known. The p positive side contains an excess of holes, while the n negative side contains an excess of electrons in the outer shells of the electrically neutral atoms there. To study the effect of detergent on surface tension by observing capillary rise. Many commercial leds, especially ganingan, also use sapphire substrate. We can then fill in the junction region of the band diagram as. Diode pn junction when p and n type silicon are brought together during manufacture, a junction is created where the p type and n type materials meet, and holes close to the junction in the p type silicon are attracted into negatively charged n type material at the other side of the junction. Since an integrated circuit is constructed primarily from dozens to even millions of transistors formed from a single, thin silicon crystal, it might be interesting and instructive to.
Lab experiment related theory available in following books. The pside or the positive side of the semiconductor has an excess of holes and the nside or the negative side has an excess of electrons. Silicon a single silicon atom consists of fourteen negatively. This lecture uncovers the basic science of semiconductor devices and solar cells, including pn junction and photovoltaic effects. Coed school kolar road bhoapl department of physics project report investigatoryproject on pn junction and diodes project report submitted by govind patel submitted to mrs ratna hajela registerationno. A pn junction diode is formed when a ptype semiconductor is fused to an ntype semiconductor creating a potential barrier voltage across the diode junction the effect described in the previous tutorial is achieved without any external voltage being applied to the actual pn junction resulting in the junction being in a state of equilibrium.